1. Criteria for PACU admission and discharge.
2. PACU economics - PACU bed to OR ratio, reasons for prolonged length of stay or unexpected ICU admission, and reasons for unplanned hospital admission.
3. Differential diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and hypotension.
4. Differential diagnosis and treatment of dysrhythmias.
5. Diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia and infarction.
6. Differential diagnosis and treatment for hypoxemia and hypoventilation.
7. Differential diagnosis and management of airway obstruction.
8. Differential diagnosis and management of anuria, oliguria, and polyuria.
9. Differential diagnosis and management of electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia).
10. Differential diagnosis and treatment of delayed awakening and emergence delirum.
11. Acute pain management in the PACU.
12. Understand the etiologies, mechanism, and management of postoperative nausea and vomiting.
13. Differential diagnosis and management of metabolic derangement (acidosis, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypothermia, hyperthermia).
14. Differential diagnosis and treatment of the bleeding patients and coagulopathy.