1. Detailed discussion of the ASA difficult airway algorithm and alternative techniques of airway management.
2. Airway anatomy, innervations, clinical effects of various laryngeal nerve injuries.
3. Airway examination - the various ways of evaluating difficult airways, their positive and negative predictive values, and limitations.
4. Discuss (including the indications and contraindications) and/or demonstrate the application of various fundamental intubation techniques:
5. Discuss the use of retrograde intubation, percutaneous cricothyrotomy, and surgical tracheostomy for emergency airway management.
6. Laser surgery – types of medical laser used, indications, hazards (airway fire, unintentional tissue damage, inappropriate energy transfer, atmospheric contamination, ocular damage), anesthetic considerations, and management of complications.
7. Ear and sinus surgeries – anesthetic considerations, techniques for minimizing PONV and peri-operative bleeding, indications and contraindications of neuromusclular blockade usage, and ways to prevent emergence agitation/stimulation
8. Adenotonsillectomy and uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) - what are the indications/contraindications, pre-operative evaluation issues, pre-medications, airway management issues, and post-operative complications (i.e. bleeding and airway obstruction).
9. Radical neck dissection - the possible hemodynamic responses (especially bilateral dissection), airway management issues, and the impact of anesthetic management on skin/muscle graft viability.
10. Discuss the anesthetic techniques for panendoscopy (goals and different ways to achieve them).
11. Tracheostomy devices (metal vs Shiley, cuffed vs uncuffed, fenestrated, etc) – know the various types and the management of these devices peri-operatively.
12. LeFort fracture – understand the different types and how they affect your airway management strategies as well as anesthetic technique (including criteria for extubation).
13. Ludwig’s angina - know the anesthetic considerations in managing patients with this condition.
14. What are different techniques (i.e. local anesthetics with vasoconstrictor, head up position, deliberate hypotension) to minimize intra-operative blood loss for ENT surgeries?
15. Deliberate hypotension for ENT surgeries - the indications and contraindications, the evidence-based intra-operative outcome (i.e. improved surgical condition, minimization of bleeding and/or transfusion requirement … etc), techniques to achieve this condition, and potential adverse effects.
16. Anesthetic considerations in managing patients with facial trauma or wired jaw.
17. Patients with bleeding after tonsillectomy – what are the peri-operative issues and anesthetic considerations?
18. Pharmacokinetics of opiate infusions and clinical applications of Total IntraVenous Anesthesia (TIVA) for ENT surgeries.